How Does a 48V LiFePO4 Battery Work?

You can hardly go wrong with a 48V LiFePO4 battery for different applications, such as golf carts, off-roading, sailing, yachts, and solar panels. It offers twice the power of any four 12V lead-acid or AGM batteries linked in a series and charges six times more quickly.

As a lithium-iron-phosphate battery, it offers many benefits like a lengthier lifespan, low weight, better charge and discharge efficiency, and increased safety. It does not require any maintenance, either. Knowing how it works can help you make an informed decision to get one.

How does it work?

A 48V LiFePO4 battery has electrodes composed of compounds with layers of crystalline. Under a state of charge and discharge, lithium ions penetrate and fill the space between those layers, resulting in chemical reactions that deliver energy for the electronic device.

While charging, lithium ions travel from the anode to the cathode, and during utilization or discharge, they move in the opposite direction. The anode is composed of metal oxides and lithium, and the cathode is graphite. The electrolyte in 48V LiFePO4 batteries must have a good insulator and ionic conductivity for enhanced performance.

Lithium technology explained

Lithium batteries are an assembly of many cells. Their nominal voltage is 3.2V, so to get a 12V battery, you typically need four 3.2V batteries linked in a series. That makes the nominal voltage 12.8V. Eight cells connected in a series result in a 24V battery with a 25.6V nominal voltage, and sixteen cells can make a 48V LiFePO4 battery with a 51.2V nominal voltage.

Battery management system

All 48V LiFePO4 batteries have a BMS, the electronic board controlling and managing them. It also protects from short-circuiting, overcharging, and reverse polarity and ensures the battery is safe to charge.

Ensure the right voltage system

48V lithium-iron-phosphate batteries come in many options. 40Ah may be the least powerful, but retailers can create a custom system up to 480Ah. It is best to have the right voltage system instead of connecting batteries in a series. That way, you can count on the performance, safety, and reliability of your 48V LiFePO4 battery.